What Are the 7 Types of Counselling? A Simple Guide
Wondering what type of counselling is right for you? Here are the 7 main types of counselling explained simply, and how to know which one fits your situation.
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Looking for mental health support can feel incredibly overwhelming, especially when you are already dealing with anxiety, burnout, relationship conflict, or deep-seated trauma. The process of finding a therapist often feels like trying to navigate an unfamiliar healthcare maze without a map. So the question remains; what is the best way to find a therapist?
If you live in London, Ontario, you are operating within a distinct regional ecosystem. From understanding provincial insurance nuances to selecting a clinician with the right training, finding the perfect fit requires a bit of insider knowledge.
This comprehensive guide is designed to remove the guesswork. Whether you are looking for an online therapist, searching for specialized local care, or trying to find free counseling near you, this playbook will help you move forward with confidence and clarity.
Before you begin booking consultation calls, it helps to understand who provides mental health care in Ontario and how the system is organized.
In Ontario, the term “therapist” or “counselor” can be used casually by almost anyone. To protect your safety, look for a practitioner regulated by a provincial college. The three primary types of regulated mental health professionals who provide therapy include:
Registered Psychotherapists (RP or RP-Qualifying): Regulated by the College of Registered Psychotherapists of Ontario (CRPO). These professionals specialize extensively in talk therapy. They look at your life through a biopsychosocial lens, helping you reshape behavioral patterns, process emotional wounds, and cultivate mindfulness.
Registered Social Workers (RSW): Regulated by the Ontario College of Social Workers and Social Service Workers (OCSWSSW). Social workers who provide psychotherapy look closely at the relationship between the individual and their environment. They provide excellent evidence-based clinical therapy while helping you navigate structural systems, family dynamics, and societal influences.
Registered Psychologists (C.Psych): Regulated by the College of Psychologists of Ontario. Psychologists have doctoral-level training. While they offer psychotherapy, they are also legally qualified to conduct psychological assessments and diagnose mental health conditions (such as ADHD, Major Depressive Disorder, or PTSD).
A Crucial Note on Psychiatrists: Psychiatrists are medical doctors specializing in mental health. They focus primarily on the biomedical model and pharmacological interventions (prescribing medication). In London, access to a psychiatrist typically requires a direct referral from a family physician or a hospital network like the London Health Sciences Centre (LHSC).
London’s mental health resources split into two main pathways:
┌───────────────────────────┐
│ London, Ontario Therapy │
└─────────────┬─────────────┘
│
┌───────────────────────┴───────────────────────┐
▼ ▼
┌───────────────────────────┐ ┌───────────────────────────┐
│ Private Sector │ │ Public & Community │
└─────────────┬─────────────┘ └─────────────┬─────────────┘
│ │
• Out-of-pocket payment • Government/Donor funded
• Covered by extended benefits • Free or low-cost sliding scale
• Zero waitlists • Can have lengthy waitlists
• Autonomy to choose specialist • Assigned based on availability
Therapy is an investment of your time, emotional energy, and financial resources. Research consistently shows that the single greatest predictor of positive therapeutic outcomes is the therapeutic alliance—the quality of the relationship and trust between you and your clinician.
Here is how to systematically find a clinician who matches your unique needs.
Before looking at profiles, sit down with a journal and ask yourself:
What am I struggling with most right now? Is it a pervasive sense of low mood, specific panic symptoms, looping anxious thoughts, relationship breakdowns, or a past trauma that refuses to stay in the past?
What do I want therapy to achieve? Am I looking for immediate, actionable coping mechanisms to handle stress, or am I ready to dive deep into my childhood history to unpack why I repeat certain painful relationship dynamics?
How do I best communicate? Do I prefer a structured approach with homework and clear frameworks, or do I need an open, non-judgmental space to process my emotions aloud?
Different therapeutic challenges require different psychological tools. When looking through clinician profiles, you will encounter a lot of clinical acronyms. Let’s break down the most effective, evidence-based approaches:
What it is: A structured, goal-oriented approach that looks at the connections between your thoughts, feelings, and behaviors.
Best for: General anxiety, panic disorder, phobias, insomnia, and mild-to-moderate depression.
The Vibe: Practical, collaborative, and focused heavily on building skills you can use immediately.
What it is: An approach rooted in attachment theory that looks at emotions as a source of healing and growth rather than things to be suppressed.
Best for: Couples therapy, relationship issues, processing grief, and repairing deep emotional injuries.
The Vibe: Warm, experiential, and deeply validating.
What it is: A specialized neurobiological therapy that uses bilateral stimulation (like side-to-side eye movements) to help the brain reprocess traumatic memories.
Best for: PTSD, complex trauma, childhood abuse, and phobias rooted in specific distressing events.
The Vibe: Specialized, highly structured, and deeply transformative for those stuck in survival mode.
What it is: Approaches that bridge the mind-body gap by helping you tune into how trauma and stress manifest physically in your nervous system.
Best for: Chronic stress, complex trauma, nervous system dysregulation, and body image struggles.
The Vibe: Grounding, paced, and gentle.
Once you locate a potential provider through an online directory or an independent clinic search, take two minutes to protect yourself by checking their credentials online.
If they are a Registered Psychotherapist, visit the CRPO Public Register. If they are a Registered Social Worker, search the OCSWSSW Online Registry.
Ensure their registration status reads “In Good Standing” and check for any outstanding disciplinary actions. This quick verification ensures you are working with a professional bound by a strict code of ethics, patient confidentiality rules, and continuous professional development requirements.
Most private practice therapists, including our team at Esther Mensah Counselling & Psychotherapy, offer a complimentary 10-to-15-minute introductory phone or video consultation. Treat this as an interview where you are hiring a highly specialized professional.
┌─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐
│ THE 15-MINUTE CONSULTATION SCRIPT │
├─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┤
│ "Hi [Therapist Name], thank you for meeting with me. I'm looking for │
│ support with [briefly mention your struggle, e.g., high-functioning │
│ anxiety and boundary setting at work]. │
│ │
│ To help me see if we'd be a good match, I have a few quick questions: │
│ │
│ 1. What experience do you have working with clients who share my specific │
│ struggles? │
│ 2. Which therapeutic modalities do you lean into for this type of issue, │
│ and what does a typical session look like with you? │
│ 3. How do you approach cultural responsiveness / trauma-informed care in │
│ your practice? │
│ 4. What are your current rates, and do your receipts clearly state your │
│ regulatory registration number for insurance claims?" │
└─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘
Pay close attention not just to their answers, but to how you feel listening to them. Do you feel heard? Does their tone put you at ease? Trust your intuition.
Financial constraints should never stand between you and your mental well-being. Let’s break down the clear pathways available to access care in London, Ontario across all budget levels.
If you have extended health insurance through an employer, your policy likely covers a portion of psychological services. However, insurance companies can be specific about who they cover.
Before booking a session, look at your benefits booklet or call your provider (e.g., Sun Life, Manulife, Canada Life) and ask these exact questions:
Does my plan cover psychological services provided by a Registered Psychotherapist (RP) or a Registered Social Worker (RSW)?
What is the maximum coverage amount per calendar year (e.g., $500, $1,500)?
Does the policy cover 100% of each session fee up to that limit, or does it only cover a percentage (e.g., 80% per visit)?
At Esther Mensah Counselling & Psychotherapy, we provide detailed receipts containing our regulatory credentials, registration numbers, and clinical designations, making it straightforward to submit claims for reimbursement.
If you lack workplace benefits or find yourself in a tight financial position, there are excellent alternative pathways in London to access care without cost or through a sliding scale.
Canadian Mental Health Association (CMHA) Thames Valley: Offers crisis intervention, brief solution-focused counseling, and peer support programs. Their Mental Health and Addictions Crisis Centre located at 648 Huron Street provides 24/7 walk-in crisis support.
Family Service Thames Valley: Provides professional counseling services on a sliding-scale fee structure based directly on your household income, ensuring high-quality therapy remains accessible.
Ontario Structural Psychotherapy (OSP) Program: Funded entirely by the province, this program provides free, evidence-based Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) for individuals experiencing depression, anxiety disorders, obsessive-compulsive struggles, or PTSD. You can self-refer online or ask your family doctor for guidance.
AbilitiCBT and MindBeacon: Digital, internet-based CBT programs subsidized by provincial frameworks that offer free, therapist-guided modules for Ontario residents navigating stress and anxiety online.
If you are a post-secondary student in London, you have dedicated mental health funding built directly into your tuition fees:
Western University Students (UWO): The USC health plan covers a significant portion of external mental health therapy fees per year. Students can also access on-campus clinical counseling through Western Health & Wellness in the Thames Hall building.
Fanshawe College Students: The FSU health plan provides comparable coverage for private psychological services. On-campus personal counseling is completely free, confidential, and accessible through Fanshawe Counselling Services.
Therapy is not a one-size-fits-all experience. Your identity, heritage, culture, and lived experiences shape how you see the world and process distress. Working with a therapist who understands these factors can make a world of difference.
When looking for a clinician, it is entirely appropriate to prioritize someone who shares your lived experience or possesses advanced, verified training in specialized areas:
Culturally Responsive Care: For individuals from Black, Indigenous, and People of Colour (BIPOC) communities, working with a culturally attuned therapist helps avoid clinical blind spots. A skilled therapist understands how systemic racism, intergenerational trauma, and cultural expectations impact mental health.
LGBTQ2S+ Affirming Therapy: It is vital to work with a clinician who goes beyond being merely “friendly” to being actively affirming. This means they understand the realities of minority stress, gender dysphoria, intersectionality, and the unique dynamics of queer relationships without requiring you to explain basic concepts to them.
Trauma-Informed Practice: A trauma-informed therapist shifts the core clinical question from “What is wrong with you?” to “What happened to you?” They build a safe environment that respects your boundaries and prevents re-traumatization during the healing process.
While finding a therapist takes time, knowing when a relationship is not working is just as critical. Keep an eye out for these therapeutic red flags:
Boundary Violations: Your therapist should never ask you for personal favors, suggest socializing outside of session times, or initiate inappropriate physical contact.
Excessive Self-Disclosure: While a small amount of shared experience can build connection, sessions should remain focused entirely on you. If your therapist spends most of the hour talking about their own problems, they are misusing your time.
Judgment or Shaming: A therapist’s office must be a sanctuary. If a provider makes derogatory comments about your lifestyle, identity, relationship choices, religious beliefs, or coping strategies, they are causing harm.
Defensiveness Over Feedback: A professional clinician welcomes open dialogue. If you gently mention that a specific homework assignment or intervention isn’t working for you, your therapist should listen with curiosity and adapt—never respond with anger, dismissiveness, or blame.
Investing in your mental health is a profound act of courage. It is an acknowledgment that while you may be struggling right now, you believe a lighter, more grounded future is possible.
Take the process one small step at a time. Do your research, leverage your workplace benefits or local community programs, and take advantage of free consultation calls to interview potential providers.
If you are ready to explore how professional, compassionate, and evidence-based psychotherapy can support you, we invite you to connect with us.
At Esther Mensah Counselling & Psychotherapy, we are committed to helping people find balance, heal from past wounds, and build deep resilience. Contact us today to schedule your complimentary discovery call, and let’s take that next step on your path toward healing together.
Private practice therapy fees typically range from $130 to $220+ per clinical hour, depending on the clinician’s designation, advanced certifications, and level of experience. Community agencies offer sliding-scale options based on household income, while provincial programs like the Ontario Structural Psychotherapy (OSP) program provide free care for eligible individuals.
In Ontario, a Registered Psychotherapist (RP) focuses primarily on talk therapy treatments to address emotional, behavioral, and psychological challenges. A Registered Psychologist (C.Psych) holds a doctoral degree, can provide psychotherapy, and is legally authorized to conduct formal diagnostic assessments (e.g., diagnosing ADHD, autism, or clinical mood disorders).
Yes. London offers free mental health care via the CMHA Thames Valley Crisis Centre (walk-in support), the Ontario Structural Psychotherapy program (free structured CBT), and through OHIP-subsidized programs coordinated directly through your family physician or regional hospital networks.
Clinical research indicates that virtual therapy (telehealth) delivers comparable clinical outcomes to traditional in-person care for a wide range of concerns, including depression, anxiety, and stress management. Online therapy offers the added benefits of convenience, eliminated travel time, and the comfort of processing tough emotions from your own home.
The timeline for therapy varies based on your specific goals and history. Brief, solution-focused approaches or structured CBT can show meaningful results within 8 to 12 sessions. For deep-seated trauma, complex relational patterns, or long-standing grief, individuals often choose to engage in open-ended therapy over several months or longer.
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